Forensic Science Essay Research Paper The word free essay sample

Legal Science Essay, Research Paper The word Forensic originates from the Latin forensus, hugeness of the forum.1 In antiquated Rome, the discussion was the place lawmaking contentions were held, yet it was other than where tests were held just comparable present day twenty-four hours town halls. From that, scientific logical order has come to mean the use of the regular and physical logical control to the motion of issues inside a lawful context2. Scientific Science can be seen as a three-party development staying of a Collection, which relates to the logical order test, Examination, which relates to the clinical test and, Introduction, which relates to the courts. A criminological occasion will influence all features of every one of the three organized components, each being all of import as the other. Clearly there should be a common assault for the effective terminal of each example. Each measure in legal logical control must be done in a definite request ; thusly it tends to be guaranteed that the test can hold scarcely any vulnerabilities about what is being discussed. In this paper I will focus my going to on the first aspect of the three-advance development, Collections and Scientific Investigation. I will demo what ought to be done at offenses scenes, how offense scenes ought to be dealt with and what stairss must be followed to ensure that all grounds is uncontaminated as when the offense was submitted. The plan of offense scene test is to help set up what occurred at the offense and to put the capable individual or individuals. Cautiously reporting the situation at an offense scene and recognizing exceedingly significant physical grounds do this. The capacity to recognize and tolerably move up physical grounds is often times basic to both work trip and arraigning rough offenses. It is no exaggeration to express that in the greater part of occasions, the law requirement official who ensures and look through an offense scene plays a significant work in discovering whether physical grounds will be utilized in work trip or indicting brutal offenses. Reporting an offense scene and its conditions can incorporate straight entering brief inside informations, for example, lighting, furniture, fingerprints, and other significant data. Certain grounds if non gathered right off can simple be lost, decimated or demolished. The extent of tests can other than spread out to the reality of distinction in such occasions as implosion or self-preservation. It is other than of import to be ready to recognize what ought to be available at an offense scene, what to search for at a offense scene and what may watch out of topographic point. An offense scene every now and again does non identify with the immediate nation where a casualty or existent offense has happened, however the chance of flight or dish ways ought to other than be checked. Anything, which can be utilized to connect a casualty to a suspect or a suspect to a casualty or a offense scene, is of import physical grounds. Richard Saferstein clarifies, Physical grounds includes any articles that can set up that a offense has been submitted or can gracefully a nexus between an offense scene and its casualty or an offense and its guilty party ( 31 ) . I will presently explain the fitting strategies and ways an offense scene and physical grounds ought to be dealt with and analyzed. One of the main things an official should make one time he gets to the offense scene is to take control and secure the scene each piece quickly as could reasonably be expected. This is to thwart anybody from devastating grounds and to keep up unapproved individual or people out of the nation, for example, the media, the masses or any individual who doesn # 8217 ; t have a place. While this is being done, an official ought to other than be careful for futile grounds and note if there are any conceivable assault or flight ways. After an official does this, he should reason the evaluation where the scene has been secured and do certain there is satisfactory security in the nation. All people come ining and go excursion the offense scene ought to be logged and held down to an uncovered lower breaking point to do certain the virtue of the offense scene when the occasion goes to court. Every individual associated with the offense scene should hold information similar to its unique conditions to keep away from from coincidental movement of items, grounds or anything, which may throb in the test of the offense. At the point when the entirety of this is done, the accompanying measure that can happen is the existent audit of the offense scene. The audit of the offense scene will ordinarily get down with a stroll through of the nation along the trial of the offense. The path is that nation, which all recognizable activities associated with an offense, took topographic point. It is other than once in a while set apart by the nearness of physical grounds ; this may incorporate the purpose of section, the area of the offense, nations where a suspect may hold tidied up and the purpose of issue. The aim of the stroll through is to watch the area of potential grounds furthermore, to intellectually outline how the scene will be genuinely inspected. The first topographic point research laborers should look is the land they stroll on. This is to thwart any grounds from being crushed and whenever watched ought to be stamped and cautioned to others non to step in that nation. As the stroll through happens, the exploration laborers ought to do certain their guardianships are occupied and they wear # 8217 ; t contact anything. The best way to thwart from contacting anything is to keep up your guardianships in your pockets. When the stroll through has been finished, the scene ought to be archived with tape, presentation and studies. Any or all articles can flexibly a nexus between an offense and its casualty/suspect ; in this manner it is extremely of import that the offense scene be acceptable captured and recorded One of the first stairss in archiving and entering an offense is tape. Tapes can flexibly a situation on the offense scene format that can non be as simple saw in introduction and studies. The status of the scene ought to stay unaffected with the avoidance of markers set by research laborers to demo easily overlooked details that may non be considered such to be slugs, bloodstains or other key bits of grounds. A key in recording is moderate movement all through the scene what's more, ought to be done as such from get bringing down to stop. It is other than astute to go over a nation twice so as to hinder unneeded rewinding of the tape when screening and to do certain the shape has caught everything. Taping ought to get down with the general lineation of the scene and environing nation. Taping ought to go on all through the scene using various edges, close-ups, and still shootings for a few moments. Once recording has completed it is so best to other than catch the offense scene with still picture taking. In any case if a scene has been recorded, despite everything photos are an absolute necessity at each offense scene. Despite the fact that recording enters everything, presentation can exhibit certain things, for example, direct contrasting. Real size introduction can be utilized to analyze unique mark and shoe prints captured at the scene against the suspect. Once more, while shooting, the external part of the scene ought to be taking first to demo the environing nations, so towards the offense scene itself. Wide edge exposures ought to be utilized of the offense scene and environing nations. A decent procedure to use while hiting suites is to hit from numerous potential points, for example, from every one of the four corners, from a room get to or from a window. At the point when close-ups are vital of cardinal bits of grounds, a swayer ought to be shot with the focuses where near size is of import. While each presentation is being taken, an individual ought to other than be taking notes on what the individual is hiting, all together at a ulterior day of the month to comprehend what was looking to be achieved. After still picture taking has been taken, the finishing up measure in entering an offense scene is to chalk out and haul the scene out by manus. While exposures are planar and oftentimes can change separation and size, considers give the organizations of demoing separation or objects, and an over-head position of the nation and milieus. An investigation is typically made of the scene as though one is looking straight down or back to back in front. Estimations ought to be complained scene of separations between two articles, room measurings and cardinal bits of grounds. Two measurings ought to be taken at right edges to one another from two area focuses. Each estimating ought to be twofold estimated to do certain they are correct and exact. An expert using all the measurings and notes taken by the examination laborers can do a finishing up study. Notwithstanding, the first studies ought to non be tossed out however spared alongside other cardinal grounds in occurrence a discord happens or something was missed. When the offense scene has been recorded with recording, despite everything picture taking and studies, gathering of grounds can occur. Assembling and turn uping physical grounds is a truly moderate an exhausting occupation when done right, in any case, it can surrender numerous clues. One of the principal things an research specialist must discover is the size and nation that must be looked. The boss point of convergence chase must incorporate every single likely purpose of passage and issues utilized by the criminals. When chasing, certain structures might be utilized to cover and break down the nation. There are around three distinct manners by which a nation can be analyzed. One way is a curling chase strategy, which is by get bringing down in the focal point of the scene what's more, work in a curling outward do this met

Drag Racing as dark play Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racing as dim play - Research Paper Example The film shows a conveyance driver, Kowalsky, who consents to take a vehicle to San Francisco from Colorado. Kowasky is appeared as a forceful man who has endured a great deal throughout everyday life and lost all his friends and family. From streak moves in the film, the crowd is informed that life has not been simple on him as he endured wounds in the war with Vietnam and was additionally indicted for medicate charges after he prevented his accomplice from submitting assault. Tired with life, he takes off at fast to take out the dissatisfaction he had inside him for such a significant number of years. Despite the fact that his goals were not to hurt anybody out and about, Kowalsky is depicted as an insubordinate man who is eager to accept any test as it comes. The police before long learn of a rapid driver out and about and the pursuit among Kowalsky and police starts. He before long turns out to be extremely well known and the media begins announcing him on radio and papers. The f ilm finally shows how he evades the police and figures out how to keep away from the snares they lay for him. In the wake of playing all the catch and mouse game, the man with no reason throughout everyday life (Kowalsky) deliberately hits his vehicle against a truck and ends it all (Berra). At the point when I firmly dissected the film I infiltrated that Kowasky hit the street in any event understanding the outcomes he would need to confront. It was much the same as a typical undertaking just this one had a little forceful way to deal with it. Kowalsky didn't plan to pick up the consideration of the cops when he began his excursion and a progression of occasions made him a casualty to the police. He was a player who didn't have a clue about the sort of chaos he would get in. His activities were sudden and however he later realized it could get him in a difficult situation, he thought about it as he began to savor the second he was living in. It caused him to feel significant and ma instream and he was a lot more joyful to be in a hazardous state like this than to play safe in segregation (Berra). Cape dread is a great case of a film that mentally investigates the components of profound play. Coordinated by Martin Scorsese, the film shows a lawyer, Sam, safeguarding his family from a man he once protected in court. Max Cady, an inked, substantial smoker and a boozer was sentenced for assault which he accepted he didn't perpetrate and was not liable of the wrongdoing. He reprimanded Sam for his carelessness in dealing with the case and asserted it was a direct result of him that he needed to endure 14 years in jail. Once out of jail, Max begins to follow Sam and his family. At the point when Sam becomes more acquainted with this he hopes to take help from the police and gets Max charged for following him and his family. This maddens Max considerably more and he gets more wrathful than any other time in recent memory. It drives Max to execute one of Sam’s partner with whom Sam had an unsanctioned romance. This leaves Sam with no other alternative however to abandon his home and live in a spot far away from the maniacal executioner. In any case, Max anyway tails him and regardless of all the security Sam could furnish his family with, Max attempts to ambush them. It winds up wrecked when max is misdirected by Sam’s girl, who he mixed up as an assistant, and is cut by her. At long last Sam figures out how to dispose of Max by executing him in self preservation to secure his family (Chibnall) I broke down components of profound play in Max’s character. This film shows how Max begins with a little wrongdoing of following that prompts greater violations of slaughtering individuals around him. He didn't have to execute Sam’s partner yet the retaliation against Sam had crossed all

Bioterrorism and Plague Essay -- Biological Terrorism Terrorist Homela

Bioterrorism and Plague Plague, otherwise called Yesirnia pestis, has unleashed destruction since the primary archived episode in the sixth century, alongside changing the course of history. Albeit bubonic plague is the most well-known type of plague, pneumonic plague is the more deadly type of the microscopic organisms. It is the main structure that has been effectively aerosolized by man and has the capability of bringing down a mass of individuals in days. Whenever utilized as a bioweapon, it would cause significant harm. This paper is intended to illuminate you regarding the history, the realities, and the precautionary measures expected to forestall a bioterrorist assault. In 1970, The World Health Organization evaluated that 50 kg, or 110 lb, of Y. pestis showered over a city would contaminate 150,000 people and execute around 40,000 (Gray, p.218). Since the beginning, there have been plague scourges that have murdered a large number of individuals. From the Athenian plague beginning in 430 B.C. to the acclaimed Black Death in 1346, individuals from everywhere throughout the world have been trapped in bedlam with deficient medicines and no solid method of keeping this horrendous illness from spreading. Today, tremendous clinical headways have yielded fruitful medicines for the plague, however individuals are still exceptionally vulnerable to far reaching catastrophe if a bioterrorist assault manages to happen. In 430-26 B.C. during the Peloponnesian War, which was battled among Sparta and Athens, stuffed conditions in the urban communities permitted plague to spread rapidly. It asserted a huge number of casualties including Pericles, the previous pioneer of Athens. We are aware of this episode in view of the final source: Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War (Smith, p. 1). Having experienced the plague himself, Thucydides depicted the manifestations w... ...5. Arizona Dept. of Health Services. 8 July 2005 â€Å"FAQ About Plague.† 2005 CDC. 5 April 2005. www.bt.cdc.gov/specialist/plague/faq.asp Medications TV. â€Å"Bubonic Plague Symptoms.† 2006. Medications TV. 11 Oct. 2006. www.plague.emedtv.com/bubonic-plague-symptoms.html Henderson, Donald; Inglesby, Thomas and O’Toole, Tara. Bioterrorism. Chicago: American Medical Association, 2002. Inglesby, Thomas and Dennis, Davis. â€Å"Plague as a Biological Weapon.† Medical and Public Health Management. 2000. JAMA. 3 May 2000. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/283/17/228/ â€Å"Natural History.† Plague. 2005. CDC. 30 March 2005. http://cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/history.htm#100 Mayoclinic. â€Å"Plague.† Health Library. 1998-2008. Mayo Clinic. 1 Sept. 2006. www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/OQ493.html Dim, Michael and Spaeth, Kenneth. â€Å"Plague.† The Bioterrorism Sourcebook. The McGraw-Hill Companies: US. 2006.

Energy Question The Ethanol as a Transportation Fuel - 275 Words

Energy Question: The Ethanol as a Transportation Fuel (Essay Sample) Content: Ethanol as a transportation fuelName:Institution:Ethanol as a transportation fuelHuman society has been using the limited reserves of fossil fuels for more than 100 years. Due to its scarcity, dwindling stock, and rising fuel prices, the endless search for a better alternative source has resulted in several suggestions. These suggestions include a fuel cell, rechargeable batteries, and alcohol fuel. One alternative is ethanol and has recently become an important part of United States energy policy.Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, has the chemical formula C2H5OH. Ethanol is produced by fermenting sugar crops (sugarcane, sorghum, maize, and wheat), cornstalks, vegetable leftover, starch, and fruits after distillation. Ethanol is colorless liquid is flammable and is consumed by human known as beer, wine, alcohol, and hard liquorIt is similar to the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, but it makes an effective motor fuel. There have been years of automotive fuel use experienc e in the United States and other countries with the use of ethanol.Advantages of ethanol fuel is that it has high flame speed and higher heat of vaporization. It contains 35% oxygen which limits nitrogen oxides emissions from combustion. The fuel is environment friendly which saves the environment against the problems caused by fossil fuels. It decreases by 50% butadiene and benzene which causes cancer. Consequently, all petrol engines can use mixtures of ethanol and does not need any alterations. Also, there will be a reduction in the production of hydrocarbons, especially carbon monoxide, by about 25 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 30% therefore conserving the environment.Disadvantages of ethanol as transport fuel is that it has a lower energy content than fossil fuels. For example, one needs one-third more ethanol than gasoline to travel the same distance. Also, the production of ethanol is higher than the production of fossil fuels. Also, large tracts of land is required to produce plants needed to obtain ethanol, resulting in issues like deforestation, soil erosion, and salinity.The U.S. policy regarding ethanol are several. In the Energy Policy Act of 2005, there was enactment of Renewable Fuel Standard, which mandated 7.5 billion gallons of...

Literary Analysis Of Samuel Taylor Coleridge - 3984 Words

Dan Paulos Mr. Kaplan English IV 10 November 2014 Literary Analysis of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an influential British philosopher, critic, and writer of the early eighteenth century. He was a prominent member of a literary group known as the â€Å"Lake Poets,† which included renowned writers like William Wordsworth and Robert Southey. His writings and philosophy greatly contributed to the formation and construction of modern thought. He possessed an extensive, creative imagination, and developed his own imagination theories in his writings. However, his personal life was absorbed with various family problems, and he experienced much solitary anguish. This resulted in depression for Coleridge, and he often based his stories and poems on themes of dejection, sadness, and melancholy. But he was neither a nihilist nor a pessimist by any stretch. He believed in the healing powers of love, and had hope for recovery. His writings were described as being versatile, and scholars have found a great variety o f themes, styles, and techniques in his literature (McKusick par. 1-3). Coleridge was a firm believer that there is a connection between madness and moral evil. He felt that in the midst of some horror, people may tend to think that God has left them, and then they would blame their mental disease on demons. He expressed this message through the protagonist he created in his longest poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† The Mariner experiences this exactShow MoreRelatedEssay on Kubla Khan: A Miracle of Rare Device1330 Words   |  6 Pages Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem â€Å"Kubla Khan† is a masterpiece of ambiguity; from its inception to its meaning. â€Å"Kubla Khan† is a poem of abundant literary devices; most notably these devices include metaphors, allusions, internal rhyme, anthropomorphism, simile, alliteration, and perhaps most of all structure. 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Although the poem’s deliberate use of antiquated language differed from romantic poetry’s use of modern languageRead MoreThe Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1484 Words   |  6 Pages Hill English IV 20 April 2016 THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER: The Mariner The Albatross, and The Song The story the rime of the ancient mariner is a poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and is his longest poem he ever wrote and in many people’s opinions, the best he ever wrote. The poem is famous for its religious symbols. Even the theme or moral of the story is that everyone should love god s creatures, no matter how uglyRead Moreâ€Å"Kubla Khan:† A Description of Earthly Paradise Essay example1998 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Kubla Khan† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is said to be â€Å"one of the best remembered works of the Romantic period,† (Gray) and though this poem may seem speak deeply about the world, its conception was fairly simple: Coleridge had been reading a book about Kubla Khan in Xanadu (by a man named Samuel Purchas) before falling into a deep sleep induced by an opium mixture to which he had long since had an addiction. When he awoke from this drug induced stupor, he had apparently 200 to 300 lines ofRead More Symbolism in â€Å" The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pages In 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge published his poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Several editions followed this, the most notable being the 1815 version, which included a gloss. 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Social Inequality in Society Essay - 2617 Words

Social Inequality in Society Social inequality influences all aspects of our lives. The following essay will look at evidence highlighting inequalities in society today. In particular it will focus upon inequalities found between men and women, referred to as gender inequality. Additionally it will integrate sociological perspectives such as functionalism, radical, Marxist or liberal feminism to explain the causes of inequalities and in particular those found in the†¦show more content†¦In western society there are two terms of reference for men and women ~ ‘sex’ or ‘gender’. Sex, defined by Giddens (1993:762) as the â€Å"biological and anatomical differences distinguishing females from malesâ₠¬ , refers to the visual or physiological differences between men and women, such as genitalia or a women’s ability to bear children. Gender, however, described by Thompson (1993:40) as â€Å"the social aspect of the differentiation of the sexes†, refers to the socially constructed ideology of the expected behaviour of men and women, a theory some sociologists refer to as social constructionism. For example, boys are expected to be loud and assertive whilst girls are expected to be passive and submissive. Feminist sociologist Ann Oakley, argues that behaviour displayed by men and women is cultural, can differ according to socially accepted ‘norms’ and arguably is ‘learnt’, a theory supported by the research of anthropologist Margaret Mead. Meads study of the Arapesh, Mundugamor and Tchambuli tribes in New Guinea (cited O’Donnell 1987:312), revealed conflicting gender role behaviour. 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This paper will analyze an article about social inequality, â€Å"Gender, Race, and Income Gaps† by Richard Hogan and Carolyn Perrucci, and how it applies to the viewpoints concerningRead MoreEssay about Poverty and Social Inequalities in the Structure of Society969 Words   |  4 Pagesand Social Inequalities in the Structure of Society Poverty can be defined differently, those of contradictory opinions on poverty will probably also have dissimilar opinions on the causes of poverty and the measurement of poverty. For example Marxists and Feminists have ideologies based on conflict. Marxists believe that there is a class struggle, and that the exploitation created by capitalism creates poverty. Feminists believe that Patriarchy builds in social inequalitiesRead MoreEssay on D1 - Evaluate the Impact of Social Inequalities in Society.722 Words   |  3 PagesD1 Evaluate the impact of social inequalities in society. 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There are many similarities and differences between the cultures of Japan and Britain, this essay will look at some of these including religion, education, norms, values and inequalities in their social organizations. According to Google’s public data there are 127, 817, 277 people living in

Strategic Information System Accounting Software or Packages

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Information Systemfor Accounting Software or Packages. Answer: Accounting Software or Packages used in Australia Eradication of manual or the paper base accounting system in Australia in early 200 is viewed and observed to have great impact on the activities of many SMEs organizations. The introduction of GST system compelled more pressure to the Small Business Enterprises to use the modern accounting systems. The adoptions as well as the application of new accounting systems implies the implementation of the strategic information system in an organization, the SMEs which adopted new accounting systems while implementing the Enterprise Resource Planning are explained to have gain the competitive advantage over the existing competitors in their respective industry. The main conceptualizes of Enterprise Resource Planning is the use of computerized system to operate the financial activities of the organization. Apparently, the accounting information systems in Australia is observed to support excellent performance of the Small Business Enterprises. According to Finkelstein Farbey, 2004, the adoption of new technology through the implementation of ERP acts as the pillar of success to many business enterprises. Xero Accounting Software History According to Mayasari, 2015, Xero accounting system was developed in 2006 by Xero Company in Australia. The research indicates that, the accounting software was developed with the purpose of encouraging the SMEs to adopt the use of technology through the execution of Enterprise Resource Planning (Mayasari, 2015). Development The development of Xero accounting software is figured to exhibit the excellent progress of many business organizations. The progression and development is demonstrated by the functionality of the accounting system towards improving the company performance. King 2015, stated that the accounting software works well with the auditing system, used by the auditors while they perform their audit procedures. Adoption According to Drury, Vickers, and Xero Limited, 2015, many companies in Australia have adopted the use of accounting system while they perform their business operations, especially the financial activities of the company. The aspect of multi-currency is among the primary factor that has forced the companies to adopt the use of the Xero accounting system, it allows the SMES to perform their business activities using different currencies. Drury and Vickers, 2015 stated that the information system can updated the financial data of the company up to the current date. Current Market Share The market share of Xero accounting system is defined by the market approach used by the companies in Australia. According to Xero Company financial reporting of 2015, Xero accounting software has gain a lot of acquaintance in Australian business Environment. The report from the company indicates that over 260,000 client and more that 10,000 business partners are using the Xero accounting system, this represents 16% rise in 2015 compared to 6-year ago. Leaders of Xero Software According to Chris Ridd, the former Chief Executive Officer of Xero Company, SMEs in Australia are the leading stakeholders who have consistently adopt the use of the accounting system ( King, 2015). Competitive Advantage According to King, 2015 several factors have been evaluated to be the primary aspect which pushes the adoption of the Xero accounting system. Xero accounting software provides intergraded financial services that lead to accuracy in many business transactions, the accurate accounting information is used by the company management to make comprehensive decision which are align with the company goals and objectives. According to Rosen, 2016, Xero accounting system provides the cloud saving services, where the accounting data can updated up date. Challenges of using Xero Accounting Package Rose, 2016 stated that, the Xero accounting software provides the cloud saving financial services, forcing the SMEs to incur high cost of installing the software and other related technological factors. Lack of trained employee who have relevant skill of using the accounting system affects the operation of the SMEs organizations. The companies are recommended to ensure that they set enough capital for the installation of the software as well as employing the qualified personnel. MYOB Accounting Software History MYOB accounting package was developed by Christopher Lee in 1980. The company which developed the software is an Australian multinational company which provide marketing services to SMEs, the company also provided payroll system as well as the business software to the small companies. Development The report provided by MYOB Company, the accounting package is developed expecially for SMEs for the purpose of bookkeeping. It is developed in a way that it is easy to use, and keeps the financial budgetary records as per the business operation. Adoption According to Mayasari, 2015, the adoption of MYOB accounting system is stimulated by the capacity of the parent company merging with the local companies. The location of the MYOB company in Australia encourage many companies to adopt the functions of MYOB in their business operations ( Mayasari, 2015). Current Market Size The research conducted by Curtis, 2015 found out about the market share of the MYOB accounting package. One of the primary factor that led to an increase in market share of the MYOB package is the features relating to cloud saving. According to this research, over 26,000 SMEs have adopted the use of MYOB accounting software, this represent 60% of the Australian market (Curtis, 2015). Leaders of MYOB Accounting software Small Medium Enterprise are the primary leaders who have adopted the use of MYOB accounting software, they use it because it create a better business environment that enhances health business competition. Competitive Advantage of MYOB The primary aspect of MYOB gaining the competitive advantage over other companies is because of its ability to work online and offline and thus allowing the Small Business Enterprise to get access to many clients. Challenges of using MYOB Small Business Enterprises fails to adopt fully on the new accounting system because of the security factors. The MYOB accounting software is largely subjected to security milestones such as hacking. According to Arcega, Datinguinoo, and Manongsong, 2015, an estimation of 46% of MYOB accounting packages are affected by hacking. Lack of trained personnel also is still a big challenge to the SMEs in Australia. The small business organization are recommended to ensure that they installed the applicable security system such as firewall and employ experience personnel. Intuit Quickbooks Sccounting Software History QuickBooks accounting software is a common accounting system that is used by both SMEs and large business enterprises. It was developed by Intuit Company in 1983 by Scott Cook, the innovation of this accounting system was supported by Daniel Drew (Rosen, 2016). Development According to Dunbar, Laing, and Wynder, 2016, QuickBooks Intuit Software was not supporting the double entry financial entries; it was developed and improved by the company. The improvement of QuickBooks Intuit Software was supported by the release of new products and services provided by the Intuit Software company (Dunbar, Laing, and Wynder, 2016). The workflow in many organization in Australia was reduced by more than 40% because of the efficiency and effectiveness of QuickBooks Intuit Software. The new version released in 2003 was to work in accordance with the organizational business operation, with its primary purpose of reducing the workflow as well as minimizing the possible accounting errors. Adoption QuickBooks Intuit accounting package was the first element of the strategic information system used by the companies, it was accepted by many SMEs since it was initiated and proposed by the federal government of Australia after the introduction of GST approach. According to Rajasa, and Faturachman, 2015, SMEs in Australia have improve steadily because of the adoption of the QuickBooks Intuit software ( Rajasa, and Faturachman, 2015) Current market Size Lambert, and Bee, 2015 in their Journal showed that large number of SMEs in Australia are using the QuickBooks in their business activities. It is estimated that, 33,000 organizaiton in Australia are using the QuickBooks accounting system, this indicates that the market share of QuickBooks Intuit is still growing (Lambert, and Bee, 2015). According to Supratim Adhikari 2015, one of the technology editors, indicated that Australia is the Intuit fastest growing area. Her report indicates that Australia has more than 300% market share of QuickBooks. Leaders of QuickBooks The QuickBooks accounting software in Australia is mostly used by the Small Medium Enterprises, the small business organization anticipates to improve their business relationship with their clients. Sholto Macpherson showed that the SMEs use QuickBooks accounting software to establish a string customer relationship. Competitive Advantage of QuickBooks According to Jones, and Jones, 2016, they explains the competitive advantage of QuickBooks accounting system and its importance to the company financial operations. Their findings indicate that Small Medium business gains the competitive advantage of the QuickBooks because they intend to track and monitor their business profits, and other related operation, the companies are able to detect any deviation or the adversity that might the affects the business operation, where the alternative solutions are provided (Arcega, Datinguinoo, and Manongsong, 2015). Challenges of QuickBooks Accounting Package Amongst the challenges of is lack of trained subordinate to use the Intuit accounting systems. Organization management in Australia are encourage to implement on the training programmes that will allow the employees to gain relevant skills. Cost is also affects how the small business enterprises acquires the application systems. Reference Arcega, C.K., Datinguinoo, E.and Manongsong, J.L., 2015. Computerized vs. Non-computerized Accounting System of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lipa City, Philippines: A Comparative Analysis.Asia Pacific Journal of Academic Research in Business Administration,1(1). Curtis, V., 2015.MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Drury, R.K. and Vickers, M.J., Xero Limited, 2015.Systems and methods of access control and system integration. U.S. Patent 9,117,208. Dunbar, K., Laing, G. and Wynder, M., 2016. A Content Analysis of Accounting Job Advertisements: Skill Requirements for Graduates.The E-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,10(1), p.58. Finkelstein Farbey, 2004 The adoption of cloud computing for small and medium accounting firms. Jones, D. and Jones, M., 2016. Using QuickBooks Accounting Software to Improve Financial and Production Records for Better Decision Making. In2016 Annual Meeting, February 6-9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas(No. 229772). Southern Agricultural Economics Association. King, A., 2015. Xero soothes auditors on automation. Lambert, S.L. and Bee, S., 2015. Assembly FG: An Education Case Study Using QuickBooks as the AIS for a Small Manufacturing Business.AIS Educator Journal,10(1), pp.26-31. Mayasari, M., 2015. The Influence of Personal Characteristics, Interaction:(Computer/Individual), Computer Self-efficacy, Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology to Computer Anxiety in use of Mind your Own Business Accounting Software.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,5(1S). Rajasa, A. and Faturachman, F., 2015. Predicting the Intention to Re-Use on Accounting Application Software (The Case of Accurate Application Software Users in Indonesia).The International Journal Of Business Management,3(8). Rosen, B., 2016. Best Practices for Accounting Procedures for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Businesses.Ariz. J. Int'l Comp. L.,33, p.317.

The Classical Period in Music History free essay sample

Presented by: Kevin Bad, Max Lee, George Ingram Presented to: Maam Chisel Morning Date: February 9, 2012 most famous composers of all time: Mozart, Beethoven and Haydn. The classical era spans roughly 80 years in music history during the 18th and 19th centuries and is often associated with the movement called the Age of Reason. It is defined by a return to symmetry and simplicity not only in music, but also in architecture and fine art. The excavation of Pompeii began in 1748, and the visible remains which were drawn and engraved became a template for the aesthetics of the time.The best known composers from the Classical period are Mozart, Beethoven and Haydn. Time Period Most musicologists mark the death of J. S. Bach in 1750 as the end of the Baroque era and the dawn of the Classical era. There are fewer consensuses on when it ended: some consider the death of Beethoven in 1827 to be the boundary line whilst others cite 1800 as the beginning of the Romantic era. We will write a custom essay sample on The Classical Period in Music History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Oxford Companion to Music marks the end of the Classical era as sometime between 1800 and 1830. Few disagree that there was an overlapping of classical and romantic ideals by the early 19th century. StyleThe style of music from the Classical Era is predominantly homophobic, consisting of a single melody line with accompaniment as opposed to the polyphonic style of the Baroque Era which weaves together a number of melodic lines. Composers of the Classical Era rejected the elaborate styles of the Baroque Era, which they considered self-indulgent and vulgar. They simplified harmonic structures, shortened musical phrases and applied symmetry that was often lacking in the music of their predecessors. The Classical Era also saw a shift to more instrumental genres, particularly the symphony and the string quartet.Form Great emphasis was placed on developing musical forms in the Classical era, the most important and overarching being sonata form. Sonata form consists of 3 clearly defined sections: the exposition (and introduction), the development section (a contrasting section in a d ifferent but related key) and the recapitulation (a return to the introductory material but remaining in the original key). Sonata form had a direct impact on the development of instrumental music types, particularly the symphony, concerto, sonata and string quartet. All of these types are still used by contemporary composers.Composers The Classical period produced fewer enduring composers than any other musical period from the sass onwards. The Emphasis on form was to have a lasting impact on musical composition but in its infancy it had a rather stifling effect on musical substance and expression. Although there were hundreds of successful and revered composers during that time, only three of them composed music which would truly stand the test of time. Main Characteristics It is mainly homophobic -? melody above choral accompaniment (but counterpoint is by no means forgotten, especially later in the period).Variety and contrast within a piece became more pronounced than before. Variety of keys, melodies, rhythms and dynamics (using crescendo, diminuendo and sporrans), along with frequent changes of mood and timbre were more commonplace in the Classical period than they had been in the Baroque. Melodies tended to be shorter than those of Baroque music, Ninth clear-cut phrases and clearly marked cadences. The Orchestra increased in size and range; the harpsichord continuo fell out of use, and the woodwind became a self-contained section.

Dustin Hoffman essays

Dustin Hoffman essays After watching several of Dustin Hoffman's films, I have concluded that he is a great actor with a lot of talent. He can play a lot of different types of roles and characters. His acting is very convincing. The film's I've watched starring Dustin Hoffman are:  ¡The Graduate, ¡  ¡ Little Big Man, ¡  ¡Kramer Vs. Kramer, ¡  ¡Tootsie, ¡ and  ¡Rainman. ¡ The first film I watched was  ¡The Graduate. ¡ I thought that this film was absolutely hilarious, but I'll try not to talk less about the films and more about Hoffman's performances. He played a young man named Benjamin who has just graduated college, but has no ambition and doesn't make his own decisions. Everyone around him tells him what to do. Benjamin is usually a pretty quiet and shy person and Dustin Hoffman plays this character well. It seems like he has this blank look on his face throughout the whole film. This was one of my two favorite films he did. The second film I watched was  ¡Little Big Man. ¡ It was hard for me to really look at Hoffman's performance because I didn't like his character. At first I thought that the producer of that film had casted the wrong actor but after watching more of the film I changed my mind. His character in this movie was probably difficult to act because of the events that took place in the film. His character's personality and surroundings changed so much. One minute Hoffman's character is a white Indian and the next he's a I thought that the role that Hoffman played in  ¡Kramer Vs. Kramer ¡ was fairly simple, however it showed how he could play diverse roles in different movies. In this film he played a father who's wife left him and his son but then returns and attempts to obtain custody of their eight- year-old son. Hoffman shows how he can act his emotions in this movie. I was convinced that he probably is a father....

Anth week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anth week 3 - Essay Example route as that of the contemporary monkey and apes but instead remained in such islands as Madagascar thus acquiring a new ecological niche of which they adapted to accordingly. As concerns the new world monkeys, they mainly come from such groups as marmosets, Cebidae, Atelidae, and Pithecidae. Another classification of the monkey clades are the Catarrhines that consist of the old world monkey and the apes. The old world monkeys in this case include the Colobinae and Cocopithecinae. During the period of evolution, the primates had to make certain adjustments in order to adapt to such factors that enhance their vision, hand use, locomotion, intelligence, the need to care for their young ones in a social manner. Humans fundamentally use evidence to understand the history of evolution. The evidence in question may be biological or historical in nature where in biology the evidence may include genetics and living organisms. On the other hand, historical evidence consists of paleontology, geology, and paleoanthropology. Since the focus of this paper is paleoanthropology, it is necessary to make use of appropriate geological evidence like fossils to unearth the evolutionary history of the primates. Nevertheless, geological preservation processes have simplified the whole procedure of studying the fossil components of the old primates. Although many scholars agree that the world is old, the history and age of the earth is significant in working out the process and history of evolution using fossils. This is because the old earth has a strong connection to the biological evolution. There are of techniques that paleoanthropologists use to date the fossils that they recover through geological means . These methods include Radiocarbon dating, U-Series, Radio-potassium, Uranium-Lead dating, Argon-Argon dating, and the Reference Geo-chronological Timescale. Actually, the history of paleoanthropology is quite vast ranging from the Neanderthal skullcap that paleoanthropologists

The Role of NCAA in the Rise of Intercollegiate Athletics Assignment

The Role of NCAA in the Rise of Intercollegiate Athletics - Assignment Example NCAA membership at the national office performs the role of assisting the underlying institutional members from diverse universities and corresponding colleges in comprehending different fundamental legislation of the NCAA. It majorly offers easier accessibility of the knowledgeable workers found within NCAA to the institutions and the public. The organization also organizes numerous workshops and educational conferences annually in an attempt to attain its institutional membership (Rader, 2009). NCAA membership services aid in managing and operation of the institutional athletes in connections with the federal legislation. It's linked with the federal government aid NCAA in examining of the present laws and underlying legislation. Â  NCAA is also charged with the organizing of the Youth Sports Programs at the national level thus enabling the disabled youths to access education and take part in the participation process annually. It also participates in numerous outreach activities that aid in the promotion of the underlying athletes’ administration thus offering equal opportunities of participation to its members notwithstanding of the race and ethnic. Organization of the NCAA provides scholarship programs to the student-athletes that encompass both undergraduate and degree programs to those who desire to learn while training. The programs that are normally offered by NCAA mainly entail instituting of the competition and impartial regulations for diverse sports as well as developing and maintaining of fundamental sports records and corresponding athletes historical statistics. Moreover, NCAA membership is mainly charged with the handling of the recruitment malpractices, competitiveness, impartiality an d corresponding athletes’ educational performance.

Subway Smoothie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Subway Smoothie - Essay Example Our company will use four elements of promotional mix, which include advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and public relation. Advertising refers to the presentation of a standard message regarding the strengths, price and availability of goods or services by the marketer in an impersonal way (Weinreich, 2010). In this strategy, our main aim will be building the pull effect since our adverts will deliver a message that will make the product appealing to customers to buy it. Since fast foods have become a major concern, relaying a message on the importance of smoothie foods will pull more customers to buy the foods. We would also rely on sales promotion, which is the short-term use of incentives or other promotional activities that will stimulate the customer to buy our product (Urban, Sultan, & Qualls, 2012). This particular element helps bring short and immediate effect on sale as well as faster stock clearance. The technique will also help in the induction of customers and distribution channels; and will help us win over fast food competitors. As a business, we will apply such sales promotion skills as rebate, discounts, premiums, and usable benefits, e.g. buy two get one free. The general benefit will be attracting people’s attention as well as inducing them since our new product will be available at a lower price. We will also rely on personal selling, which will enable our sales team have face-to-face interactions with the customers. Since it is a face-to-face interaction, our sales team will be able to explain the merits of our products directly, thus increasing the sale of the product. It is also a flexible element, meaning the seller may change the offer according to various situations. It also induces customers to buy given goods in order to satisfy their needs. Public relations is the last element of marketing mix that we will apply, which

Distance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Essay -- Education Com

Distance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distance learning is that it puts the classroom in your home, office, or wherever you can find a computer and log on to the Internet. However, there is much controversy regarding the quality of the courses being offered on the Internet versus the quality of courses taught in the traditional classroom. The courses taught in the traditional classroom provide â€Å"important aspects of teacher immediacy, which are behaviors that enhance physical and psychological closeness (mehrabian, 1981)† with the student and the instructor. Verbal behaviors such as praising students, addressing them by name and using humor in the class may evoke immediacy. There is also non-verbal immediacy, which is body language such as adopting a relaxed body position, varying one’s vocal expression, moving around in the classroom and smiling while looking at the class (Richmond, Gorham & McCroskey, 1987). This type of behavior allows for a relationship between the student and the instructor to truly develop into something significant. It also allows for the student to develop his or her individuality in the classroom. Traditional classroom teaching also provides students with the opportunity to have real social interaction with one another. This interaction in turn allow... ...e learning as effective as learning in the classroom. Works Cited: Audio Graphic Telecourses for the Web: An Experiment Retrieved (3/17/2000) from the World Wide Web: http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol4/issue2/larose.html Gorham, J. (1988). The relationship between verbal teacher immediacy behaviors and learning: Monitoring processes and product. Communication Education, 39, 354-368. Hiltz, S. (1986). The â€Å"virtual classroom†: Using computer-mediated communication for university. Journal of Communication, 36(2), 95-104. Mehrabian, A. (1981) Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of emotions and attitudes (2nd Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Ragsdale, R.G. & Kassam, A. (1994). The magic of multimedia in education: Promises of the 21st Century. In Reisman, S. (ed). Multimedia Computing—Preparing for the 21st Century. Harrisburg, PA: Idea Group.

Winesburg

The word grotesque is an oxymoron in itself. It means beautiful ugly. How a person can have both of these adjectives is the theme of Winesburg, Ohio written by Sherwood Anderson. His characters become grotesque by holding onto one truth that make them distorted but unknowingly make them beautiful simultaneously. Anderson uses the motif of isolation on Seth Richmond, the Stranger and Tandy to develop their grotesqueness by making the characters' isolation be the reason why they hold onto one truth causing their grotesqueness.On the other hand, the author ses biblical allusion to help clarify the truth Jesse Bentley lives by that causes his grotesqueness. Anderson uses the motif of isolation in order to enhance the grotesqueness of Seth Richmond, as the character's self-imposed isolation causes his grotesqueness. Seth Richmond grows up with his mother, Virginia Richmond who does not know how to discipline him and a deceased father. Seth only stares at his mother apathetically when she scolds him that causes his mother to withdraw from her displeasure.Seth also only shows indifference in things other boys engage in and finds him different rom others, since he does not feel the same emotions people would usually feel. Hence, he holds onto the truth that he does not belong in the town and â€Å"he [wishes] that he himself [be] stirred by something† (133). Seth's self-imposed isolation is what causes his grotesqueness. He thinks Just because he doesn't have the same interest as the others and is not â€Å"stirred by something† makes him an outcast and unlike. When in fact, the people of Winesburg admire him because he comes off as a passionate and mature man.Nevertheless, Seth does not acknowledge the people's houghts because he lives by his truth that he does not fit in Winesburg because he is indifferent about things the people our engaged in. For this reason, he is distorted and grotesque for believing one truth and not accepting the others' truths. Later, Seth fancies a girl named Helen but with him imposing that he does not belong in the town and wants to leave, he soon drives away Helen and begins to think that the reason of her departure is because of his truth that he is an outcast.When in reality, Helen departs to avoid further sentiment because Seth tells her that it was their last ime they'll see each other. Nonetheless, He continues to say, â€Å"when it comes to loving someone, it wont never be [him]. It'll be†¦ someone who talks a lot – someone like that George Willard† (142). Seth continues to hold onto his truth and imposes that he needs be isolated further more from the town and needs to leave Winesburg. This eventually drives Helen away, but Seth believes it is because of his social skills.Hence, he becomes Jealous of George Willard and wants to be like him because he thinks that if he were George, Helen would not have left him. However, George Willard is not that social either, Seth assumes he is a social butterfly because he is a reporter but as a matter of fact he only listens well. Seth is grotesque because he believes in a truth that is not absolute. He believes that Helen left him because he is not as social as George Willard, when it is not the case. He is grotesque tor believing a truth about George Willard that is not true.The author also uses the motif of isolation to develop the grotesqueness of the Stranger and Tandy, as the characters' isolation causes them to hold onto one truth aking them grotesque. Tandy Hard lives only with her father, Tom Hard because her mother is dead. Tom Hard spends most of his time being an atheist, wrecking the ideas and belief that God exists causing his daughter to be neglected. Not having anyone to nurture her and guide her, she becomes lost and continues to live without an identity, as implied by the author when he does not mention her real name until she the stranger names her Tandy.The stranger comes to Winesburg, Ohio in ord er to cure his alcohol addiction and addiction to an image of a lover. He claims that his over is named Tandy who has â€Å"the quality of being strong to be loved,† and the only reason he is not with her is because â€Å"she did not come in [his] time† (145). As a result of the stranger being lone and isolated for not having a lover, he holds onto the truth that his lover is named Tandy and she was not born in his time for the stranger does not find her yet.His reasoning makes him distorted because he continues to believe the truth that there is a Tandy that was not born at his time and not acknowledge the truth that there might not be any Tandy at all. In addition, his isolation also makes im grotesque because it makes him live by the truth that his lover is someone like Tandy and does not acknowledge the truth that there are other women out there that can be his potential lovers without necessarily having the same quality as Tandy.Nonetheless, the stranger imposes o n the daughter that she should be Tandy and she should be strong and brave in order to beloved. Consequently, the daughter not having an identity starts to incline on the idea of Tandy. When her father calls her, she retaliates and says, â€Å"[she] want[s] to be called Tandy – Tandy Hard† (146). After he daughter's statement demanding she wants to be called Tandy, it is implied that she will continue to live as Tandy. For that reason, the daughter is grotesque for not accepting that she can have her own truth to live by and not Just the truth of the stranger.However, the only reason she holds onto the stranger's truth is because she does not acquire her own identity from the isolation and lack of nurture she gets from her father. Therefore, her isolation because of the lack of guidance from her father causes her to live by another person's truth distorting her and making her rotesque. Anderson uses biblical allusion to help clear up the truth Jesse Bentley lives by cr eating his grotesqueness. Jesse Bentley inherits a colossal amount of land from his dead father and brothers.Before inheriting the land Jesse Bentley studied to be a minister, so returning home he is filled with religious thoughts. Hence, he begins to think that his farm is an empire of God and thinks that his lands need to be protected from â€Å"the hands of the Philistines† (73). As a man who studied to be a minister, it is understandable to return with the words of God. However, Jesse Bentley ssociating his life to the Bible and calling his neighbors Philistines is Just absurd and twisted.He lives by the truth that his life is parallel with Jesse's life from the Bible, and even goes to the extent of calling his neighbors Philistines implying that they are enemies. For this reason, Jesse Bentley is grotesque because he lives by the truth that his neighbors are Philistines like in the Bible, causing his distortion and grotesqueness because his truth is not really true. As I said before, Jesse Bentley commences to equate his life to the Jesse of the Old Testament. The Jesse from the Old Testament is known as Christ's key ancestor.As a result, Bentley prays to God that his wife conceives a son that can be named David in order for the lineage to start. However, his wife conceives a girl, Louise that gives birth to a son named David. Jesse Bentley then starts to get obsessive about contacting God through his grandson David. He thinks that through David they â€Å"will see the beauty and glory of God† (100), so he brings a sheep to sacrifice and uses David as a host in the forest. Jesse Bentley holds onto the truth that he can be a significant person like the Jesse from the Old Testament through his grandson.He strongly believes that his life is parallel to the life of the Bible's Jesse when it is not the case. In addition, the fact that he still tries to equate his life into the bible when there's a generation gap and the story that he is reenactin g is Abraham and Isaac and not Jesse and David shows that he is so desperate to communicate with God and feel significant that it makes him distorted and grotesque. Furthermore, because Jesse Bentley is blinded by his want to be significant and the truth that he can communicate with God, he does not accept the ruth that God may not exist making him grotesque.In conclusion, the characters' isolation leads them to live by one truth that enhances their grotesqueness. Additionally, the author uses biblical allusion to explain and clarify the truths the characters' hold onto that makes them grotesque. In some way, the characters' or in general people's grotesqueness can be seen as beautiful. People's faith in a certain truth can be considered beautiful and no matter how distorted it makes them seem, it's the fact that people stand on their ground and fght for what they believe in, makes them admirable.

What Exactly Is Hard Water

Hard water is water that contains high amounts of Ca2 and/or Mg2. Sometimes Mn2 and other multivalent cations are included in the measure of hardness. Note water may contain minerals and yet not be considered hard, by this definition. Hard water occurs naturally under the condition where water percolates through calcium carbonates or magnesium carbonates, such as chalk or limestone. Evaluating How Hard Water Is According to the USGS, the hardness of water is determined based on the concentration of dissolved multivalent cations: soft water - 0 to 60 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as calcium carbonatemoderately hard water - 61 to 120 mg/Lhard water - 121 to 180 mg/Lvery hard water - more than 180 mg/L Hard Water Effects Both positive and negative effects of hard water are known: Hard water may offer health benefits as drinking water, compared with soft water. Drinking hard water and beverages made using hard water can contribute to dietary requirements for calcium and magnesium.Soap is a less effective cleaner in hard water. Hard water makes it harder to rinse soap, plus it forms a curd or soap scum. Detergent is also affected by the dissolved minerals in hard water, but not to the same extent as soap. More soap or detergent are required to clean clothes and other items using hard water compared with soft water. Hair washed in hard water may appear dull and feel stiff from residue. Clothes washed in hard water may develop a yellowish or gray discoloration and may feel stiff.Soap residue left on the skin from bathing in hard water can trap bacteria on the skin surface and disrupt the normal balance of microflora. Because the residue inhibits the ability of skin to return to its slightly acidic pH, irritation may occur.Hard water can leave behind water spots o n dishes, windows, and other surfaces.Minerals in hard water can deposit in pipes and on surfaces forming scale. This can clog pipes over time and decrease water heater efficiency. One positive aspect of scale is that it forms a barrier between pipes and water, limiting leaching of solder and metals into the water.The electrolytes in hard water can lead to galvanic corrosion, which is when one metal corrodes when in contact with another metal in the presence of ions. Temporary and Permanent Hard Water Temporary hardness is characterized by dissolved bicarbonate minerals (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate) that yield calcium and magnesium cations (Ca2, Mg2) and carbonate and bicarbonate anions (CO32−, HCO3−). This type of water hardness may be reduced by adding calcium hydroxide to the water or by boiling it. Permanent hardness is generally associated with calcium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfates in the water, which will not precipitate when the water is boiled. Total permanent hardness is the sum of the calcium hardness plus the magnesium hardness. This type of hard water may be softened by using an ion exchange column or water softener.